The Civil War

Starr webb, Tamika Hubbard                         10-23-07                                                    Leonard Elam                                                       

                               

                               The Civil War

* During the American Civil War many people volunteered and gave their lives for their country. Over 650,000 people died during the war. Their were a lot of things going on during the war, for instance slavery was still going on. The war started in the year of 1861 Abraham Lincoln was also involved in the war.

November 6,1860 Abraham Lincoln,who had declared government cannot endure permanently half slave, half free.

       

April 17,1861-virginia secedes from the union followed within five weeks by arkansas Tennessee and North Carolina thus forming an Eleven.President Abraham Lincoln caled for 75,000 volunteers to serve as soldiers in a campaign againts the south.To plunder the South for the benefit of the north by a new,protective teriff, will be one of their first measure of Northern Section aldemination and on the other hand, to exhaust the treasury by sectional schemes of appropration.

On 17,1862, congrees passed two acts allowing the enlistment of African Americans, but official enrollment occured only after the September,1862 issuance of the Emancipition Proclamation.In general,white soldiers and offficers believed that black men locked the courage to fight and fight well. In October,1862,African Americans soldiers of the 1st Kansas Colored Volunteers silenced their critics by repulsing attacking Confederates,at the battle of Island Mound,Missouri.By August 14,1863 Negro Regiments were in the field and ready for service.

On July 17,1863, at Honey Springs,Indian,now Oklahoma, the 1st Kansas Colored fought with courage again.Union troops under General James Blunt ran into astrong Confederate force under General Douglas Cooper.After a two hour bloody engagment.Cooper’s soildersretreated. The1st kansas which had held the center of the Union.And in January,1864 General Park Cleburne and  several other Confedrate officers in the Army of the Tennessee proposed using black troops. Cleburne recommended offering slaves their freedom if they fought and survived.Confederate President Jefferson Davis refused to consider Cleburnes proposal and futher discussion of the idea.

Jan 31,1865 the US congress approves the thirthteen *amendent to the US,const.

In conclusion we found out that75,000 volunteers to serve as soldiers in a campaign againts the south.In October,1862,African Americans soldiers of the 1st Kansas Colored Volunteers silenced their critics by repulsing attacking Confederates,at the battle of Island Mound,Missouri.And in January,1864 General Park Cleburne and  several other Confedrate officers in the Army of the Tennessee proposed using black troops.  

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

1.Why did the war end?

*2.Why did the war start?

3.Were did the war take place?

Anti-slavery movement

JAZZINE                                                  10/29/07

    ANTI-SLAVERY Movement 

slavery is a social-economic system under which certain persons — known as slaves — are deprived of personal freedom and compelled to perform labour or services. The term also refers to the status or condition of those persons who are treated as the property of another person or household. This is referred to as "chattel slavery".

Slaves are held against their will from the time of their capture, purchase, or birth, and are deprived of the right to leave, to refuse to work, or to receive compensation in return for their labour. As such, slavery is one form of unfree labour.

Although outlawed in nearly all countries today slavery is still secretly practiced in many parts of the world. There are an estimated 27 million victims of slavery worldwide.

In Mauritania alone it is estimated that up to 600,000 men, women and children, or 20% of the population, are enslaved. Many of them used as bonded labour.Slavery in Mauritania was finally criminalized in August 2007. In Niger, slavery is also a current phenomenon; a Nigerien study has found that more than 800,000 people are still slaves, almost 8% of the population.

Slavery predates writing and evidence for it can be found in almost all cultures and continents. Slavery can be traced to the earliest records, such as the Code of Hammurabi in Mesopotamia 1800, which refers to slavery as an already established institution. The forced labor of women in some ancient and modern cultures may also be identified as slavery. Slavery, in this case, includes sexual services.Millions of men, women and children around the world are forced to lead lives as slaves. Although this exploitation is often not called slavery, the conditions are the same. People are sold like objects, forced to work for little or no pay and are at the mercy of their 'employers'.Slavery exists today despite the fact that it is banned in most of the countries where it is practised.It is also prohibited by the  from eastern Europe are bonded into prostitution, children are trafficked between West African countries and men are forced to work as slaves on Brazilian Agricultural Estates.   Contemporary slavery takes various forms and affects people of all ages, sex and race.Early forced marriage- affects women and girls who are married without choice and are forced into lives of servitude often accompanied by physical violence.

Forced labour- affects people who are illegally recruited by individuals, governments or political parties and forced to work -- usually under threat of violence or other penalties.

Slavery by descent- is where people are either born into a slave class or are from a 'group' that society views as suited to being used as slaves.

Questions about slavery  1. Why did they start slavery?  

2. Why did slaves get beat?   

3.  Why did blacks have to work on the feild and have to do labour while the whites did nothing?

Anti-slavery movement

JAZZINE NELSON  10/29/07

    ANTI-SLAVERY Movement 

slavery is a social-economic system under which certain persons — known as slaves — are deprived of personal freedom and compelled to perform labour or services. The term also refers to the status or condition of those persons who are treated as the property of another person or household. This is referred to as "chattel slavery".

Slaves are held against their will from the time of their capture, purchase, or birth, and are deprived of the right to leave, to refuse to work, or to receive compensation in return for their labour. As such, slavery is one form of unfree labour.

Although outlawed in nearly all countries today slavery is still secretly practiced in many parts of the world. There are an estimated 27 million victims of slavery worldwide.

In Mauritania alone it is estimated that up to 600,000 men, women and children, or 20% of the population, are enslaved. Many of them used as bonded labour.Slavery in Mauritania was finally criminalized in August 2007. In Niger, slavery is also a current phenomenon; a Nigerien study has found that more than 800,000 people are still slaves, almost 8% of the population.

Slavery predates writing and evidence for it can be found in almost all cultures and continents. Slavery can be traced to the earliest records, such as the Code of Hammurabi in Mesopotamia 1800, which refers to slavery as an already established institution. The forced labor of women in some ancient and modern cultures may also be identified as slavery. Slavery, in this case, includes sexual services.Millions of men, women and children around the world are forced to lead lives as slaves. Although this exploitation is often not called slavery, the conditions are the same. People are sold like objects, forced to work for little or no pay and are at the mercy of their 'employers'.Slavery exists today despite the fact that it is banned in most of the countries where it is practised.It is also prohibited by the  from eastern Europe are bonded into prostitution, children are trafficked between West African countries and men are forced to work as slaves on Brazilian Agricultural Estates.   Contemporary slavery takes various forms and affects people of all ages, sex and race.Early forced marriage- affects women and girls who are married without choice and are forced into lives of servitude often accompanied by physical violence.

Forced labour- affects people who are illegally recruited by individuals, governments or political parties and forced to work -- usually under threat of violence or other penalties.

Slavery by descent- is where people are either born into a slave class or are from a 'group' that society views as suited to being used as slaves.

Slavery

Slavery

By: Nicholas,Magdalena,Bianca,

Marcus

Slavery began in prehistoric times and has been practiced ever since. The slavery of ancient times reached its peak in Greece and the Roman Empire. During the Middle Ages, slavery declined.

Then, during the 1500's and 1600's, the colonization of the New World by Europeans resulted in a great expansion of slavery. Changing moral attitudes about slavery helped cause its decline during the 1800's. The United States abolished slavery in 1865.

Today, slavery is illegal in almost every country in the world. But slavery still exists in parts of Africa, Asia, and South America.

During the late 1700's, black slavery began to decline in various parts of the Western Hemisphere. The Revolutionary War in America helped cause gradual emancipation (freeing of slaves) in the North. In 1807, the British Parliament passed a bill outlawing slave trade.

Also in 1807, the U.S. Congress prohibited the importation of slaves into the United States. The law took effect in 1808.

During the early 1800's, most of Spain's Latin American colonies won wars of independence. These countries immediately abolished slavery or adopted laws for gradual emancipation.

In 1833, an act of Parliament called for the abolition of slavery throughout the British empire.

In 1848, France freed the slaves in its remaining colonies in the Western Hemisphere.

But slavery continued to expand in Brazil, Cuba, and the Southern United States. During the Civil War, Northern armies freed most of the slaves in the nation. Adoption of the 13th Amendment completed abolition in 1865.

Spain ended slavery in Puerto Rico in 1873 and in Cuba in 1886, and Brazil abolished slavery in 1888.Today, few nations legally allow slavery. But slavery does continue in areas of Africa, Asia, and South America.

No one knows exactly how many people still live in slavery. Most of these slaves are blacks and Indians who were captured in local conflicts or were sold to satisfy debts. Slavery remains a strongly accepted custom among the people who practice it.

Therefore, some governments may not want to stop slavery, and other governments may be unable to end it even if they wished to do so.

Reference

http://afroamhistory.about.com/od/slavery/Slavery.htm

http://www.religioustolerance.org/slavery.htm

Discussion Question

How did slavery start?

What happen during slavery?

How did slavery end?

Where did slavery first started?

Who started slavery?

Where in the world slavery still happens?

Civil War

Civil War

Douglas

Zaahir

Yonnick

Shakir

Damon

Tyree

The Civil War started between 1861-1865 ,between United State  and Union. slave state which declared that they have the right to seccession.and formed confederate of American by president jeffersonDavis. and doing the republican party the Union assumed controled the border of the state.and then both side started to make large armies ,during the year 1862 it was large bloody battles such as Shilon and Antictam were fought,making massive casualties unprecedented in U.S history.It was a deadly combination of new  weapons like Rifles and ex..............,they used formation called the Minic ball it was a old battle tactic, another one was the Mass Infantry, it led about 10 thousands casualties per major battle.

Causes of the war   

There where many causes for the war issues and not agreeing on stuff after the american revolution ended in1760. Inbetween 1800 and 1860 stuff started between north and south then it really started to get intense. Then the main quarrels was going to paid taxes for gifts brought into the country from the foreign countries. It was called tariff people from the south felt tariff were unfair and were aimed at them because. It was important and it was a variety of gifts more then people from the north.           

   

       

SECESSION OF SOUTH CAROLINA

South Carolina adopted the "declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secess of South Carolina from the Federal Union" on December 24, 1860. It argued for states' rights for slave owners in the South, but contained a complaint about states' rights in the North in the form of opposition to the fugitive Slave Act, claiming that Northern states were not fulfilling their federal obligations under the Constitution. At issue were:

• The refusal of Northern states to enforce the fugitive slave code, violating Southern personal property rights;

• Agitation against slavery, which "denied the rights of property".

• Assisting "thousands of slaves to leave their homes" through the Underground Railroad.

• The election of Lincoln "because he has declared that that 'Government cannot endure permanently half slave, half free,' and that the public mind must rest in the belief that slavery is in the course of ultimate extinction".

• "...elevating to citizenship, persons who, by the supreme law of the land, are incapable of becoming citizens". Most Northerners opposed the Dred Scott decision, although only a few New England states allowed blacks an equal right to vote.

secession winter

Before Lincoln took office there was seven states stating  that they had declared their rights from Union.They established a Southern government, the Confederate States of America on 9 February 1861. They had took control of federal forts and other properties within their boundaries with little resistance from President Buchanan, whose term ended on 4 March 1861. Buchanan asserted, "The South has no right to secede, but I have no power to prevent them."[One quarter of the U.S. Army—the entire garrison in Texas—was surrendered to state.

Forces by its commanding general, David E. Twiggs, who then joined the Confederacy.

As Southerners resigned their seats in the Senate and the House, secession later enabled Republicans to pass bills for projects that had been blocked by Southern Senators before the war.

The Confederacy

Seven Deep South cotton states seceded by February 1861, starting with South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. These seven states formed the Confederate States of America  Feb 4 1861 with Jefferson Davis as president, and a governmental structure closely modeled on the U.S. Constitution. In April and May 1861, four more slave states seceded and joined the Confederacy: Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina and Virginia. Virginia was split in two, with the eastern portion of that state seceding to the Confederacy and the northwestern part joining the Union as the new state of West Virginia on June 20, 1863.

The union state

There were at least 23 states that remained loyal to the Union during the war California, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Wisconsin. During the war, Nevada and West Virginia joined as new states of the Union. Tennessee and Louisiana were returned to Union control early in the war.

Border state

The Border states in the Union were West Virginia which broke away from Virginia and became a separate state, and four of the five northernmost slave states  Maryland, Delaware, Missouri, and Kentucky.

Maryland had numerous pro-Confederate officials who tolerated anti Union rioting in Baltimore and the burning of bridges. Lincoln responded with martial law and called for troops. Militia units that had been drilling in the North rushed toward Washington and Baltimore.Before the Confederate government realized what was happening, Lincoln had seized firm control of Maryland and the separate District of Columbia, by arresting the entire Maryland statehouse and holding them without trial.

In Missouri, an elected convention on secession voted decisively to remain within the Union. When pro-Confederate Governor Claiborne F. Jackson called out the state militia, it was attacked by federal forces under General Nathaniel Lyon, who chased the governor and the rest of the State Guard to the southwestern corner of the state. 

End of the war 1864–1867

Jefferson Davis, first and only President of the Confederate States of America

At the beginning of 1864, Lincoln made Grant commander of all Union armies. Grant made his headquarters with the Army of the Potomac, and put Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman in command of most of the western armies. Grant understood the concept of total war and believed, along with Lincoln and Sherman, that only the utter defeat of Confederate forces and their economic base would bring an end to the war.This was total war not in terms of killing civilians but rather in terms of destroying homes, farms and railroad tracks. Grant devised a coordinated strategy that would strike at the entire Confederacy from multiple directions: Generals George Meade and Benjamin Butler were ordered to move against Lee near Richmond; General Franz Sigel and later Philip Sheridan were to attack the Shenandoah Valley; General Sherman was to capture Atlanta and march to the sea the Atlantic Ocean;Generals George Crook and William W. Averell were to operate against railroad supply lines in West Virginia; and Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks was to capture Mobile.

Conclusion

What I learned was that the war started in 1861and 1865 and the battle was between the United States and the union.Then during the year of 1862 shion and antictam then the U.S made history by bring new guns the rifles then the cause of the war was because the North and the South was not agreeing with the North so then the American Revolution started.

Why did the american Civil War strat?

Who was the leader of the war?

Why was Lincoln a good leader?

We got our information from the www.google.com The wikipedia, the free encyelopedia.

FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT OF 1850

BY: CIARA CLARK

       KAITLYN TURNER

       KEFIM HANYES

       BERNARD JAMES

       KYNDREA RAMDIAL

       MARK DAVIS

                                    INTRODUCTION                                                     

Our group has researched and discussed something interesting and exciting, the Fugitive Slave Act Of 1850. We decided to do this topic because it was different and interesting to our own individual intellect. That is why we have chosen The  Fugitive Slave Act Of 1850. But the time of slave trading would soon end  because of the anti-slave trade. compromise of 1850 was a moment of tragedy for african americans slaves. caloun vs. clay.

websters words. The texas  compromise was a compromise of 1850 that was an act in the fugitive slave act in 1860

                         COMPROMISE OF 1850                                                                                       

The Compromise of 1850 was a series of laws.They attempted to resolve the territorial and slavery controversies arising from the Mexican-American War. On January 29, 1850, Henry Clay presented a compromise. For eight months the members of Congress, led by Clay, Daniel Webster, Senator from Massachusetts, and John C. Calhoun, senator from South Carolina, debated the compromise. With the help of Stephen Douglas, a young Democrat from Illinois, a series of bills that would make up the compromise were ushered through Congress.

                     CALOUN VS. CLAY                                                                                       

Henry Clay, also known as “ the great compromiser,” was ill. while John C. Calhoun was suffering from tuberculosis and could not speak loudly in court. In court  Clay said that the north and south to reach an agreement and if they refused to do so the inter nation would fall apart. But on the other hand Cahoun pleaded that slavery should be allowed in the west western territories. Calhoun demanded that  fugitive or run away slaves should be retured to their right full owners. He wanted the northerners to admit that southern slaverholders had the right to reclaim their “property.” If the north had rejected the south’s demands, calhoun told the senate. 

“Let the states agree to part at peace. Tell us so, and we shall know what to do.” So he ment that if an agreement could not be reached, the south would use force to leave the union

                    WEBSTERS WORDS                                                                                     

Daniel Webster of Massachussets   got   the floor next.  He  agreed to clays  plea to save the union. Webster  started his own  position   clearly. ``I  speak   today  not as a  massachusets man,nor as a northern man, but as an American.....  I speak today for the  presentation  of the union... There can be no such thing as a peaceful   secession’’.  Webster  thought that the states

could  not be seprated with out a civil war.  Webster had veiwed   that slavery was  evil he believed  the  seperation of the states was  even  worse.

To save  the union Webster was  willing to  comprose. He would  support  southern demands   that northerner  be forced to return   slaves.

                THE TEXAS COMPROMISE                                                                          

According to the compromise, that would relinquish the entie land in dispute, but in compensation given 10 million dollars. The money it would have to pay off its debt to Mexico. And also, the territories of New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona, and Utah would be organized without mention of slavery involvement of all the bills that made up the Compromise of 1850; the Fugitive Slave Act was the most controversial. It required citizens to assist in the recovery of fugitive slaves. It denied a fugitive's right to a jury trial. (Cases would instead be handled by special commissioners who would be paid $5.00dollars.Every fugitive slaves were released and $10.00 dollars if he or she were sent away with the claimant.) The act called for changes in filing for a claim, making the process very easily for slave owners. Also, according to the act, there would be more federal officials responsible for enforcing the law.

 

For slaves trying to build lives in the northern part of the state, the new law was a terrible disaster. Many left their Holmes and went  to Canada. During the next ten years, an estimated 20,000 of blacks moved to the nice and wonderful country. For a male named Harriet Jacobs, a fugitive living in New York, passage of the law was "the beginning of a reign of horrible and tragic terror to the (colored) black population." She stayed  puting, even after teach that slave catchers were hired to track her down. Anthony Burns, a fugitive living in Boston, was one of many who were captured and returned to slavery. Free blacks, too, were captured and sent to the South. With no legal right to plead their cases, they were completely defenseless. Of all the bills that made up the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act was the most controversial. It required citizens to assist in the recovery of fugitive slaves. It denied a fugitive's right to a jury trial. (Cases would instead be handled by special commissionersy6 -- commissioners who would be paid $5 if an alleged fugitive were released and $10 if he or she were sent away with the claimant.) The act called for changes in filing for a claim, making the process easier for slave owners. Also, according to the act, there would be more federal officials responsible for enforcing the law.

For slaves attempting to build lives in the North, the new lawt is was disaster. Many left their homes and fled to Canada. During the next ten years, an estimated 20,000 blacks moved to the neighboring country. For Harriet Jacobs, a fugitive living in New York, passage of the law was "the beginning of a reign of terror to the colored population." She stayed put, even after teach that slave catchers were hired to track her down. Anthony Burns, a fugitive living in Boston, was one of many who were captured and returned to slavery. Free blacks, too, were captured and sent to the South. With no legal right to plead their cases, they were completely defenseless. 

                      CONCLUSION                                                           

The fugitive slave act of  1850  was a law made up  by the US Senate to get excape slaves back into the South from North.The act  of the centry we now know as  the fugative  slave  act.The  compromise  of 1850  had five  parts.First,it allowed  california to enter the Union as a free state. Second , it divided the rest of the Mexican Cession into the territories of New Mexico and Utah. Voters in each would decide the slavery question according to popular sovereignty. Third, it ended the trade in Washington,D.C., the nation’s capital. Comgress, however, declared that it had no power to ban the slave trade between slave states. Fourth, it included a strict fugitive slave law. Fifth, it settled a border dispute between Texas and New Mexico.